Interface
An interface acts as a contract between itself and any class or struct which implements it. It means a class that implement an interface is bound to implement all its members.
Interface has only member’s declaration or signature and implicitly every member of an interface is public and abstract.
For example: The most common use of interfaces is, within SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). In SOA (WCF), a service is exposed through interfaces to different clients. Typically, an interface is exposed to a group of clients which needs to use common functionalities.
interface IStore
{
void Read();
void Write();
}
interface ICompress
{
void Compress();
void Decompress();
}
public class Document : IStore, ICompress
{
#region IStore
public void Read()
{
Console.WriteLine("Executing Document's Read Method for IStore");
}
public void Write()
{
Console.WriteLine("Executing Document's Write Method for IStore");
}
#endregion // IStore
#region ICompress
public void Compress()
{
Console.WriteLine("Executing Document's Compress Method for ICompress");
}
public void Decompress()
{
Console.WriteLine("Executing Document's Decompress Method for ICompress");
}
#endregion // ICompress
}
Interface Features:
- An interface doesn't provide inheritance like a class or abstract class but it only declare members which an implementing class need to be implement.
- It cannot be instantiated but it can be referenced by the class object which implements it. Also, Interface reference works just like object reference and behave like as object.
IStore IObjStore = new Document(); ICompress IObjCompress = new Document();
- It contains only properties, indexers, methods, delegates and events signature.
- It cannot contains constants members, constructors, instance variables, destructors, static members or nested interfaces.
- Members of an interface cannot have any access modifiers even public.
- Implicitly, every member of an interface is public and abstract. Also, you are not allowed to specify the members of an interface public and abstract or virtual.
- An interface can be inherited from one or more interfaces and can extend another interface.
- A class that implements an interface can mark any method of the interface as virtual and this method can be overridden by derived classes.
- Implementing multiple interfaces by a class, sometimes result in a conflict between member signatures. You can resolve such conflicts by explicitly implementing an interface member.
- It is a good practice to start all interface names with a capital “I” letter.
Where to use Interfaces?
- Need to provide common functionality to unrelated classes.
- Need to group objects based on common behaviors.
- Need to introduce polymorphic behavior to classes since a class can implements more than one interfaces.
- Need to provide more abstract view to a model which is unchangeable.
- Need to create loosely coupled components, easily maintainable and pluggable components (like log4net framework for logging) because implementation of an interface is separated from itself.
- The main issue with an interface is that when you add a new members to its, then you must implement those members within all of the classes which implement that interface.
- Interfaces are slow as these required extra in-direction to find corresponding method in in the actual class.
